1 cause of death globally according to the World Health Organization. An estimated 17.9 million people died from CVDs in 2019.
- In the US, CDC reports that about 655,000 Americans die from heart disease each year - that's 1 in every 4 deaths.
- Major risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, obesity, poor diet, physical inactivity, and excessive alcohol use.
- Many CVDs can be prevented with healthy lifestyle changes. Eating nutritious whole foods, exercising regularly, avoiding smoking, and limiting alcohol intake go a long way.
Symptoms of CVDs depend on the specific condition, but may include:
- Chest pain, tightness, or discomfort
- Shortness of breath
- Fast, fluttering, or pounding heartbeats
- Lightheadedness, dizziness, or fainting
- Swelling in legs, feet, or abdomen
Diagnosis often begins with a physical exam and discussion of symptoms. The doctor may then order blood tests and certain heart tests such as an electrocardiogram, stress test, or echocardiogram. These provide information about the heart's size, shape, electrical activity, and ability to pump blood efficiently. Additional imaging tests can check for blockages or damage in blood vessels.
Treatment also varies based on the type and severity of CVD. Lifestyle changes, medications, medical procedures, or surgery may be recommended. Controlling risk factors is crucial in preventing progression of the disease. With proper ongoing management, many people can control symptoms and live fuller lives despite having cardiovascular disease.
The key is to maintain awareness about heart health - know your risks, watch for symptoms, make healthy choices, and follow your doctor's recommended treatment plan. This comprehensive approach gives you your best chance at either preventing CVD or managing it effectively.